Introduction of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery

Lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) battery is the battery with the highest specific energy in the practical battery series, and the specific energy can reach 590W·h/kg and 1100W·h/kg. This highest specific energy value was obtained from a large-capacity, low-discharge-rate, large-size battery. Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries ER34615M Li/SOCl2 cells are fabricated in a wide variety of sizes and configurations, ranging in capacity from as low as 400mAh cylindrical carbon-packed and wound electrode structure cells, to up to 10000Ah prismatic cells and many more Batteries of special sizes and structures are available to meet special requirements. The Li/SOCl2 system originally has problems of safety and voltage hysteresis, among which safety problems are particularly prone to occur during high discharge rate discharge and overdischarge, and when the battery continues to discharge at low temperature after high temperature storage, the phenomenon of voltage hysteresis occurs obviously. Commercial batteries with low discharge rates have been used successfully for many years. Mainly used for backup voltage of memory and other applications requiring long working life. Large prismatic batteries have been used in military applications as a power source for emergency applications. Medium and high discharge rate batteries have also been developed for power sources of various electrical and electronic devices. In the thionyl chloride and other oxyhalide electrolytes used in some of these batteries, additives are usually added to improve the battery's performance in applications. specific performance. Edit this paragraph chemical principle Li/SOCl2 battery consists of lithium negative electrode, carbon positive electrode and a non-aqueous SOCl2:LiAlCl4 electrolyte. Thionyl chloride is both an electrolyte and a positive active material. Other electrolyte salts, such as LiAlCl4, have been used in specially designed batteries, but with different electrolyte formulations, resulting in different electrode performance. The composition of the negative electrode, positive electrode and SOCl2 is selected by the manufacturer according to the expected performance of the battery. The generally accepted overall reaction mechanism is: 4Li+2SOCl2→4LiCl↓+S+SO2 Sulfur and sulfur dioxide are dissolved in excess thionyl chloride electrolyte, and during discharge, due to the production of sulfur dioxide, there will be a certain degree of pressure generated. During storage, once the lithium negative electrode is in contact with the electrolyte, it reacts with the thionyl chloride electrolyte to form LiCl, and the lithium negative electrode is protected by the LiCl film formed on it. This passivation film is beneficial to prolong the storage life of the battery, but it will cause voltage hysteresis at the beginning of discharge. The battery after long-term storage at high temperature is discharged at low temperature, and the voltage hysteresis phenomenon is particularly obvious. The low freezing point (-110°C) and high boiling point (78.8°C) of the electrolyte enable the battery to operate over a wide temperature range, and the conductivity of the electrolyte decreases only slightly as the temperature decreases. Li/SOCl2 batteries are toxic and flammable in some components, so avoid disassembling the battery or exposing the battery and battery components to the air with the vent valve open. Edit the structure of the battery electrode in this paragraph Carbon-packed cylindrical battery The Li/SOCl2 carbon-packed battery has been made into a cylindrical shape according to the ANSI standard size. These batteries are designed for low and medium discharge rate discharge, no higher than C/100 rate discharge, they have high specific energy, for example, ABLE D-type batteries have released a capacity of 19.0Ah at 3.5V compared to this , the traditional alkaline zinc/manganese dioxide battery can only release the capacity of 15Ah at 1.5V. Lithium thionyl chloride battery ABLE Carbon-packed structure diagram Lithium thionyl chloride battery Carbon-packed ER34615 (1) Structure The negative electrode is made of lithium sheet and leans on the inner wall of the stainless steel case: the diaphragm is made of non-woven glass wool cloth: the positive electrode Composed of PTFE-bonded carbon black, it is cylindrical in shape, has extremely high porosity, and occupies most of the battery's volume. The battery is a gas-tight rice powder, and the positive pole is a glass-to-metal sealed insulator. These low self-discharge rate batteries can be equipped with a safety valve, but can also have no safety valve, which is determined by the manufacturer according to the battery structure. (2) Performance The open circuit voltage of the Li/SOCl2 battery is 3.65V; the typical operating voltage range is between 3.3 and 3.6V (to the termination voltage of 3V). The figure shows a typical discharge curve of an ABLE D-type Li/SOCl2 battery. Discharging at low to medium discharge rates in a wide temperature range, ABLE Li/SOCl2 has a flat discharge curve and excellent performance, and can work well at extremely high temperatures. Spiral-Wound Cylindrical Batteries The use of spiral-wound (hereafter referred to as wound) battery structures is designed to obtain medium to high discharge rate Li-SOCl2 batteries. These batteries are mainly designed for military purposes, such as occasions where high current output and low temperature operation are required. This type of battery is still used in industrial fields with the same requirements. Lithium thionyl chloride battery ABLE power type structure diagram The typical structure of this type of battery is as follows: the battery case is stretched from stainless steel; the positive pole is sealed with a corrosion-resistant glass-metal flange; the battery cover uses a laser Sealed or welded to ensure complete sealing of the battery. Safety devices, such as leakage holes, fuses or PTC devices, etc. are installed inside the battery to protect the safety of the battery structure when the battery has internal high pressure and external short circuit. Lithium thionyl chloride battery ABLE ER26500M The discharge performance of this type of battery at medium current is better than that of the carbon-coated electrode. Edit this paragraph Application Application Li/SOCl2 battery is to take advantage of the high specific energy and long storage life of this series. Cylindrical batteries with low current discharge can be used as CMOS memory, water, electricity and other metering instruments and automatic electronic toll payment systems such as highway transit (that is, ETC systems, but a better solution is to use lithium-manganese soft pack batteries instead. ), program logic controllers and radio frequency identification (RFID) devices of wireless security alarm systems, etc. (this solution can be replaced by 3V lithium manganese button and soft pack batteries). Because the cost of these lithium batteries is high, and the safety of these batteries still receives special attention, and there are special requirements for their handling, the application in the general consumer market is still limited. Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery and Lithium Manganese Battery Application Fields ABLE Below are some ABLE Application Fields of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery Detection Instruments Calorimeters Automatic Meter Readers AMR --- such as water meters, gas meters, or electricity meters, etc. Automotive proving ground detectors Seismic measurement Instruments Oil Drilling Detection Instruments Data Loggers Industrial Instruments Aviation Navigation Systems Oil Pumps Meters Taxi Meters Computer Batteries Specially designed batteries provide power for real time clocks RTC and file configuration

widely used in

Various personal computers Laptops and notebook personal computers

Key Activated Switch for Personal Computer

Telecom Feature Telephone Commercial Telephone System Telex

Radio paging system coding equipment

radio frequency selector

Industrial Control Equipment

Production program control

Automatic production line control

security system

wireless alarm smoke alarm

Hazard button electronic lock and electronic cover

Search and rescue equipment

emergency position indicator

radio beacon radio danger beacon

emergency location transmitter

Avalanche Rescue Teleporter

surveillance system

High voltage wire short circuit and overload indicator

Remote RF Control Equipment

night vision equipment

Commercial Machinery

Cash Register Copier Address Printer

postage meter

vending machine

object recognition system

farm management system

public transport monitoring system

Automobile production line control system

Traffic Flow Control System Automatic Label Recognition System

Scientific testing instruments

ocean current gauge

Meteorological buoy Balloon-borne radio altimeter Biotelemeter

Electronic medical equipment

EKG External Pacemaker

Oxygen flow meter

hearing aid

X-ray mechanical control equipment

entertainment electronics

Hi-Fi Wireless Tuner

Program frequency tuner pinball game machine